Biology Calculators

Genetics, populations and lab math — Punnett squares, Hardy-Weinberg, dilutions and more in your browser.

Punnett Square Calculator

Parent 1 genotype Parent 2 genotype

Work out the offspring genotype and phenotype ratios of a monohybrid cross.

Length (base pairs) Moles (optional)

Estimate the molar mass and weight of a DNA fragment from its length in base pairs.

Recessive phenotype frequency (q²)

Apply the Hardy-Weinberg equation to find allele and genotype frequencies in a population.

Starting population Growth rate (% per period) Number of periods

Model exponential population growth with N = N0 e^(rt).

Starting concentration Fold per step (e.g. 10) Number of steps

Track concentration through each step of a serial dilution series.

Initial count Final count Time elapsed

Find the doubling time and number of generations for a growing bacterial culture.

Objective lens (×) Eyepiece lens (×)

Multiply objective and eyepiece power to get total microscope magnification.

Dilution factor (1:x) Final volume

Split a final volume into sample and diluent for any 1:x dilution.